Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary materials used in sanitary pad manufacturing.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting protection.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid absorption. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is highly effective at preventing leakage but may be less breathable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is waterproof and provides an effective barrier against leaks.
– **Breathable Films**: These are microporous films that allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage. They enhance comfort by reducing heat and moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid damaging the fabric. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied, making them ideal for sanitary pads.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess several key properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial for preventing leaks and maintaining comfort.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of heat and moisture buildup, which can lead to discomfort and skin issues.
– **Leakage Protection**: The back sheet and absorbent core must work together to prevent any leakage, ensuring the pad remains effective throughout use.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for materials that are biodegradable and eco-friendly.

In conclusion, the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads play a vital role in their performance and user satisfaction. By understanding these materials, manufacturers can continue to innovate and improve the quality of these essential hygiene products.